Active and Passive Voice Rules – Class 10 Grammar Notes

✍️ Active and Passive Voice Rules – Class 10 Notes (Bilingual)

Introduction: परिचय
English Grammar में Voice का मतलब होता है – वाक्य में क्रिया (Verb) और कर्ता (Subject) के संबंध को समझना।
Voice दो प्रकार के होते हैं –
👉 Active Voice
👉 Passive Voice

Class 10 के छात्र अक्सर Voice को लेकर कन्फ्यूज रहते हैं। नीचे हम आपको आसान नियमों (Rules), पहचान और Examples के साथ Voice को समझा रहे हैं।

🟢 What is Active Voice? (Active Voice क्या होता है?)

जब वाक्य में कर्ता (subject) खुद क्रिया करता है, तब वह वाक्य Active Voice में होता है।
👉 Focus = "कर्ता" (Doer of action)

Examples:

Ram writes a letter. (राम एक चिट्ठी लिखता है।)
She is singing a song. (वह गाना गा रही है।)

🔵 What is Passive Voice? (Passive Voice क्या होता है?)

जब वाक्य में कार्य (object) को मुख्य बनाया जाता है और कर्ता गौण होता है या छुपा होता है, तो वह वाक्य Passive Voice में होता है।
👉 Focus = "कार्य" (Receiver of action)

Examples:

A letter is written by Ram. (एक चिट्ठी राम द्वारा लिखी जाती है।)
A song is being sung by her. (गाना उसके द्वारा गाया जा रहा है।)

✅ Active से Passive Voice बदलने के मुख्य नियम (Rules to Change Active into Passive Voice)

1. पहचान करें कि वाक्य में Object है या नहीं

Passive voice में केवल Transitive Verb वाले वाक्य ही बदले जा सकते हैं। Intransitive verb (जो object नहीं लेती) वाले वाक्य को नहीं बदला जा सकता।

Example (✘ Incorrect):

He sleeps. → Cannot be changed to passive.

2. Structure को पहचानें – Tense के अनुसार

Tense	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Simple Present	She writes a letter.	A letter is written by her.
Present Continuous	She is writing a letter.	A letter is being written by her.
Present Perfect	She has written a letter.	A letter has been written by her.
Simple Past	She wrote a letter.	A letter was written by her.
Past Continuous	She was writing a letter.	A letter was being written by her.
Past Perfect	She had written a letter.	A letter had been written by her.
Future (will)	She will write a letter.	A letter will be written by her.
Future (going to)	She is going to write a letter.	A letter is going to be written by her.

3. Object को Subject बनाएं

Active voice का Object, Passive में Subject बनता है।
Verb का third form (V3) प्रयोग होता है।

Example:

Active: He helps me.
Passive: I am helped by him.

4. Verb में “be” का सही रूप जोड़ें

Tense के अनुसार helping verb और "be" के form का प्रयोग करें।

Examples:

writes → is written
wrote → was written
has written → has been written
will write → will be written

5. ‘By’ + Subject लगाएं

Passive में कर्ता को “by” के साथ प्रयोग किया जाता है। कभी-कभी यह छोड़ा भी जा सकता है।

Examples:

The book was written by Tagore.
The thief was caught. (Subject omitted)

🔍 Special Cases – विशेष नियम

1. Imperative Sentences (आदेश/अनुरोध)

Active:

Open the door.
Passive:
Let the door be opened.

With “Please”:

Please help me. → You are requested to help me.

2. Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक)

Active:

Did she complete the work?
Passive:
Was the work completed by her?

3. Modals (Can, Should, Must, etc.)

Active:

She can do it.
Passive:
It can be done by her.

🧠 Trick to Remember – "Subject → Object" और "Verb → V3 + be form"

Formula:
Subject + Verb + Object → Object + be + V3 + by + Subject

📌 Common Mistakes to Avoid (गलतियाँ जो नहीं करनी चाहिए)

❌ Verb को V3 नहीं करना
❌ Intransitive Verb को Passive में बदलना
❌ Wrong Helping Verb लगाना
❌ Object को Subject नहीं बनाना

📋 Summary Table – Active to Passive at a Glance

Tense	Helping Verb in Passive	Verb Form	Example
Present Simple	is / are / am	V3	A book is read.
Past Simple	was / were	V3	A letter was written.
Present Perfect	has/have been	V3	A message has been sent.
Future	will be	V3	The task will be done.

✨ Conclusion (निष्कर्ष)

Active और Passive Voice को समझना Class 10 Grammar के लिए बहुत जरूरी है। इससे न केवल sentence structure सुधरता है बल्कि आपकी writing भी प्रभावशाली बनती है। यदि आप ऊपर दिए गए नियमों और उदाहरणों को अच्छे से समझते हैं और अभ्यास करते हैं, तो Voice से जुड़े किसी भी प्रश्न को आसानी से हल कर सकते हैं।